Abū Rayḥān Muḥammad ibn Aḥmad al-Bīrūnī

PERSON

Abū Rayḥān Muḥammad ibn Aḥmad al-Bīrūnī

Name (arabic)	أبو ريحان محمد بن أحمد البيروني
Name (translit)	Abū Rayḥān Muḥammad ibn Aḥmad al-Bīrūnī
Alias	ابو الريحان البيرونى Bīrūnī Abū al-Rayḥān al-Bīrūnī Abū al-Rayḥān Muḥammad ibn Aḥmad al-Bīrūnī Abī Rayḥān Aḥmad al-Bīrūnī Abī Rayḥān Muḥammad ibn Aḥmad al-Bīrūnī Muḥammad ibn Aḥmad al-Bīrūnī Maître Aliboron Abū Rayḥān Muḥammad ibn Aḥmad al-Bīrūnī al-Khwārizmī
Born	362H/973J
Died	439H/1048J
Born in	Kaṯ
Lived in	Gurganj Ghazna Kaṯ India
Student of	Abū Naṣr Manṣūr ibn ʿAlī ibn ʿIrāq al-Jaʿdī
Notes	For a comprehensive list of Bīrūnī's works, see www.albiruni.nl (maintained by Jan Hogendijk).
Number in MAMS	348
Biography URL	http://islamsci.mcgill.ca/RASI/BEA/Biruni_BEA.htm
ismi_id	70924

Authored Works

20 works:

Astrology

Kitāb al-tafhīm li-awāʾil ṣināʿat al-tanjīm , كتاب التفهيم لأوائل صناعة التنجيم

Astronomical Instruments

Fī ṣifat al-asṭurlāb , في صفة الأسطرلاب

Kitāb fī istīʿāb al-wujūh al-mumkinah fī ṣinʿat al-asṭurlāb , كتاب في إستیعاب الوجوه الممکنة في صنعة الأسطرلاب

[Sanskrit Translation of al-Birūnīʾs “Astrolabes”]

Astronomical Tables/zījes

Fī amr [al-Zīj] al-mumtaḥan wa-tabṣīr Ibn Kaysūm al-Muftatan , في أمر الزيج الممتحن وتبصير بن كيسوم المفتتن

Takmīl zīj Ḥabash bi-al-ʿilal wa-tahdhīb aʿmālihi min al-zalal , تكميل زيج حبش بالعلل وتهذيب أعماله من الزلل

ʿIlal zīj Jaʿfar al-mukannā bi-Abī Maʿshar , علل زيج جعفر المكنّا بأبي معشر

ِal-Masāʾil al-mufīdah wa-al-jawābāt al-sadīdah fī ʿilal zīj al-Khwārizmī , المسائل المفيدة والجوابات السديدة في علل زيج الخوارزمي

Astronomy: General

al-Qānūn al-masʿūdī fī al-hayʾah wa-al-nujūm , القانون المسعودي في الهيئة والنجوم

Kitāb fī ifrād al-maqāl fī amr al-aẓlāl (Bīrūnī) , كتاب في إفراد المقال في أمر الأظلال

Maqālah fī al-baḥth ʿan al-ṭarīqah al-mutaʿārafah al-madhkūrah fī kitāb al-āthār al-ʿulwiyyah , مقالة في البحث عن الطريقة المتعارفة المذكورة في كتاب الآثار العلويّة

Maqālah fī taṣaffuḥ kalām Abī Sahl al-Kūhī fī al-kawākib al-munqaḍḍah , مقالة في تصفّح كلام أبي سهل الكوهي في الكواكب المنقضّة

Tahdhīb fuṣūl al-Farghānī , تذهيب فصول الفرغاني

[Sanskrit Translation of Ptolemy's "Almagest"]

Astronomy: Theoretical/hayʾaẗ al-ʿālam

Mifṭāḥ ʿilm al-hayʾah , مفتاح علم الهيئة

Geography: Practical

Talāfī ʿawāriḍ al-zallāt fī Kitāb dalāʾil al-Qiblah , تلافي عوارض الزلّات في كتاب دلائل القبلة

Geometry: General

[Sanskrit Translation of Euclidʾs “Elements”]

OTHER

al-Āthār al-bāqiyyah min al-qurūn al-khāliyyah , الآثار الباقية من القرون الخاليّة

Fihrist kutub Muḥammad ibn Zakariyyāʾ al-Rāzī , فهرست كتب محمد بن زكريّاء الرازي

Kitāb fī taḥrīr mā lil-Hind min maqālah maqbūlah fī al-ʿaql aw-mardhūlah , كتاب في تحرير ما للهند من مقالة مقبولة في العقل أو مرذولة

References

Hogendijk, Jan. 2021. “The Works of Abu Rayhan (al-)Biruni.”

A comprehensive list of works (with manuscript witnesses). www.albiruni.nl

Morewedge, Parviz. 2014. “Al-Bīrūnī”. In The Oxford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, Science, and Technology in Islam, ed. Ibrahim Kalın, 102-6. Oxford & New York: Oxford University Press.

Yano, Michio. 2007. “Bīrūnī: Abū al‐Rayḥān Muḥammad Ibn Aḥmad al‐Bīrūnī”. In The Biographical Encyclopedia of Astronomers, ed. Thomas Hockey, 131-33. New York: Springer.

Rozenfeld, Boris, and Ekmeleddin İhsanoğlu. 2003. Mathematicians, Astronomers and Other Scholars of Islamic Civilisation and Their Works (7th-19th c.). Istanbul: Research Centre for Islamic History, Art, and Culture.

Pp. 144-156 (no. 348).

Yano, Michio, and S. Ansari. 2002. “The First Equation Table for Mercury in the Huihui Li”. In History of Oriental Astronomy, 33-43. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers.

Sezgin, Fuat. 2000. Geschichte Der Arabischen Schrifttums (GAS), Vol. 10, Mathematische Geographie Und Kartographie Im Islam Und Ihr Fortleben Im Abendland. Historische Darstellung,1. Frankfurt am Main: Institut für Geschichte der Arabisch-Islamischen Wissenschaften.

King, David. 2000. “Too Many Cooks . A New Account of the Earliest Muslim Geodetic Measurements”. Suhayl 1: 207-42.

Pp. 214-17.

Siddiqi, Akhtar. 1997. “AI-Bīrūnī (Geography)”. In Encyclopaedia of the History of Science, Technology, and Medicine in Non-Western Cultures, 158-59. Dordrecht: Kluwer.

Samian, Abdul. 1997. “AI-Bīrūnī (Mathematics and Astronomy)”. In Encyclopaedia of the History of Science, Technology, and Medicine in Non-Western Cultures, 157-58. Dordrecht: Kluwer.

Brockelmann, Carl. 1996. Geschichte Der Arabischen Litteratur (GAL). 5 vol. Leiden; New York: E. J. Brill.

Vol. 1, pp. 782-84; suppl. ?, pp. 870-75.

Casulleras, Josep, Julio Samsó, and Julio Samsó. 1996. “Al‐Bīrūnī in al‐Andalus”. In From Baghdad to Barcelona: Essays on the History of the Islamic Exact Sciences in Honour of Prof. Juan Vernet, 2:583-612. Barcelona: Instituto "Millás Vallicrosa’’ de Historia de la Ciencia Árabe.

Saidan, Ahmad. 1990. “Al-Bīrūnī on Trigonometry”. Erdem 6.

Saliba, George. 1990. “Al-Bīrūnī and the Science of His Time”. In The Cambridge History of Arabic Literature, 405-23. Cambridge.

Saliba, George. 1989. “Bīrūnī, Mathematics and Astronomy”. In Encyclopaedia Iranica, 4:277-79.

King, David. 1986. A Survey of the Scientific Manuscripts in the Egyptian National Library. Winona Lake, IN: Eisenbrauns; The American Research Center in Egypt.

Pp. 47-48.

Berggren, J.Lennart. 1986. Episodes in the Mathematics of Medieval Islam. New York: Springer-Verlag.

Pp. 9-12, 141-43, 146-47, 174-76, 182-86.

Suter, Heinrich. 1986. Beiträge Zur Geschichte Der Mathematik Und Astronomie Im Islam: Nachdruck Seiner Schriften Aus Den Jahren 1892-1922. Ed. Fuat Sezgin. 2 vol. Frankfurt am Main: Institut für Geschichte der Arabisch-Islamischen Wissenschaften an der Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität.

Vol. 2, pp. 492-533.

Krafft, Fritz. 1986. “Al-Bīrūnī”. In Die Großen Der Weltgeschichte, 51-52.

Matvievskaya, Galina, and Boris Rozenfeld. 1983. Matematiki I Astronomy Musulmanskogo Srednevekovya I Ikh Trudi, VIII-XVII Vv [Mathematicians and Astronomers of the Muslim Middle Ages and Their Works, VIII-XVII Centuries]. 3 vol. Moscow: Nauka.

Vol. 2, pp. 264-95; vol. 3, pp. 366-67.

Kennedy, Edward. 1983. “Al-Bīrūnī”. In Lexikon Des Mittelalters, 2:226-27. München; Zürich: Artemis.

Rahman, Abdur, M Alvi, Shabbir Ghori, and Samba Murthy. 1982. Science and Technology in Medieval India : A Bibliography of Source Materials in Sanskrit, Arabic, and Persian. New Delhi: Indian National Science Academy.

Pp. 288-89, 387.

Said, Hakim, and Ansar Khan. 1981. Al-Bīrūnī: His Time, Life and Works. Karachi.

Sezgin, Fuat. 1979. Geschichte Des Arabischen Schrifttums (GAS), Vol. 7, Astrologie Bis Ca. 430 H. Leiden: E. J. Brill.

Pp. 188-92, 288-92, 412-13.

Said, Hakim. 1979. Millenary of Abu Raihan Muhammed Ibn Ahmed Al-Biruni (Karachi, 1973). Karachi.

Pp. 141-48, 149-57, 437-53.

Matvievskaya, Galina, and S. Sirajdinov. 1978. Abu Rayhan Beruni. Moscow.

Sezgin, Fuat. 1978. Geschichte Des Arabischen Schrifttums (GAS), Vol. 6, Astronomie Bis Ca. 430 H. Leiden: E. J. Brill.

Pp. 261-76.

Marupov, Nasirjon. 1978. Voprosy Fiziki V Trydakh Ibn Sina I Beruni. Moscow.

Shawky, Jalal. 1977. “ Al-Bīrūnī’s Contribution to the Physical Sciences”. In International Symposium for the History of Arabic Sciences Proceedings, 1:251-73.

Shawky, Jalal. 1977. “Al-Bīrūnī’s Contribution to the Physical Sciences”. In International Symposium for the History of Arabic Sciences Proceedings, 2:171-72.